The Legal Nature of Commutation
УДК 343.288, ББК 67.408.032
Abstract
The theory of criminal law is challenged with defining the legal nature of regulations governing the substitution of a lesser or stiffer penalty for the one originally imposed by a court in the process of its execution. The constitutional parameters of the institute of commutation should be seen as the basis of such definition thus indicating its guarantee and security functions. The emphasis on the protective nature of the institution of commutation makes it possible to identify its distinctive features. The commutation is carried out at the stage of execution of a sentence that has entered into legal force (which differs from changing the punishment in the courts of controlling authorities); it is carried out within the normative parameters of the existing criminal law qualification (which differs from changing the punishment when the criminal law is amended); caused by the need to assess the post-criminal behavior of the person who committed the crime (which differs from the choice of punishment at the stage of infliction). These characteristics of the commutation ensure that the rights of the parties to the legal relation – the right of the State to punish and the right of the person who committed the crime to plead for mitigation of punishment - will not be ignored after the sentence enters into force, but will be fully implemented till the criminal law relationship is valid.
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