Ethical and Legal Conflicts of Restrictive Measures Applicable to Academic Publishing in the Context of Geopolitical Cataclysms
УДК 341.018, ББК 67.910.7
Abstract
The subject of the study is the nature and manifestations of restrictive measures in academic pub-lishing for researchers from the states that have been subjected to economic and financial sanctions. The article consistently examines the extent of involvement of the publishing community in the pro-cess of using functioning of international journals as an additional tool for exerting political pressure on target states, i.e. states that are subject to sanctions. A complete ban on publication in interna-tional journals would be an outrage on scientists. As shown in the study, such a ban is hardly prac-ticed, but international publishers can use tools to restrict the acceptance and publication of manu-scripts. At the same time, they are aware that in this case they violate publication ethics, and also infringe the rights of scientists. Therefore, they strive to use these restrictions as little as possible and in single cases. In general, this pattern is reflected in the situation of academic sanctions, which af-fected various countries. This conclusion was made on the basis of comparative analysis of sanctions in academic publishing of such countries as Russia, Iran, and Israel. As a result, local restrictions in academic publishing for works from these countries has not lead to a sharp reduction in the repre-sentation of scientists from these countries in the global academic landscape.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Артамонов А. Как Иран развивает нанотехнологии вопреки санкциям. Уроки выживания в изоляции. Чему российские компании и госструктуры могут научиться у страны, которая 40 лет находится под западными санкциями (08.04.2022). URL: https://skillbox.ru/media/business/kak-iran-razvivaet-nanotekhnologii-vopreki-sanktsiyam-uroki-vyzhivaniya-v-izolyatsii/
Кассем Х. Еврокомиссия идет в бой: как санкции отразятся на образовании и науке. Справится ли наука с санкционным ударом (10.03.2022). URL: https://news.ru/world/evrokomissiya-idet-v-boj-kak-sankcii-otrazyatsya-na-obrazovanii-i-nauke/
Москалева О. В., Акоев М. А. Геополитика и публикационная стратегия. Есть ли связь? / Научный редактор и издатель. – 2024. – Т. 9, № 1. – С. 67– 85.
Наукоотъемкие технологии. Мировые научные издательства обещают аннулировать российские подписки / Коммерсантъ (04.04.2022). URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5293063? (дата обращения: 23.05.2022).
Пичугина Т. Наука выходит из-под влияния Запада. Санкции не сработали (05.07.2023). URL: https://ria.ru/20230705/publikatsii-1882152998.html
Попкова Е. Г., Кузнецов В. П., Самерханова Э. К. Устойчивое развитие российской науки: «институциональные ловушки» научных журналов и перспективы их преодоления / Вестник Мининского университета. – 2023. – Т. 11, № 2. С. 9.
Российский кардиологический журнал. Обращение к авторам и читателям (2022). URL: https://russjcardiol.elpub.ru/jour/announcement/view/29?locale=ru_RU
Abbasi K. Russia’s war: why the BMJ opposes an academic boycott / The British Medical Journal. - 2022. - Vol. 376:0613.
ACS Publications joins other publishers in condemning invasion of Ukraine (2022, March 31). URL: https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2022/
Afshari R., Bhopal R.S. Iran, Sanctions, and Collaborations / The Lancet. – 2016. – Vol. 387, № 10023. – P. 1055–1056.
Arie S. Unintended Consequences of Sanctions against Iran / The British Medical Journal. – 2013. – Issue 347: f4650.
Brainard J. Few journals heed calls to boycott Russian papers (10 March 2022). URL: https://www.science.org/content/article/few-journals-heed-calls-boycott-russian-papers
Committee on Publication Ethics. COPE advice to editors on geopolitical intrusions on editorial decisions (1 August 2013). URL: https://publicationethics.org/news/cope-advice-editors-geopolitical-intrusions-editorial-decisions
Committee on Publication Ethics. Geopolitical Intrusion on Editorial Decisions (March 23, 2004). URL: https://www.wame.org/geopolitical-intrusion-on-editorial-decisions
Committee on Publication Ethics. COPE advice to editors on geopolitical intrusions on editorial decisions (2022, 10 March). URL: https://publicationethics.org/news/clarification-cope-advice-editors-geopolitical-intrusions-editorial-decisions
Council Decision (CFSP) 2023/2195 of 16 October 2023 amending Decision 2010/413/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Iran. ST/12546/2023/INIT. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202302195
Diversity and Inclusion pledge – Journal of Molecular Structure (9 November 2022). URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-molecular-structure/about/announcements#statement-from-the-editors-of-the-journal-of-molecular-structure
Editorial. Russia’s brutal attack on Ukraine is wrong and must stop / Nature. –2022. – Vol. 603, Issue 7900. – P. 201.
Elsevier: Любые ограничения на публикацию научных статей неприемлемы (2022). URL: http://www.ras.ru/news/shownews.aspx?id=d51a3f69-b2e6-4b98-a271-ced6b99644a7
EPJA Policy on Geopolitical Conflict. URL: https://link.springer.com/journal/10050/updates/20227296?error=cookiesnotsupported&code=d8e66899-c11d-48f3-9914-247a604a73e0
Financial Times. The West’s hybrid war on Russia (10 March 2022). URL: https://www.ft.com/content/ff95ee3f-a1b8-4a54-9657-6a1aaecc105f
Gordin M. D. A Century of Science Boycotts / Nature. – 2022. – Vol. 606, Issue 7912. – P. 27–29.
Habibzadeh F. Is there an Apartheid in Science Publishing / The Lancet. – 2013. – Vol. 382, Issue 9889: 310.
Iran after the Islamic Revolution: Scientific backtrack or progress? What do the statistics say? (10.02.2019). URL: https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/432798/Iran-after-the-Islamic-Revolution-Scientific-backtrack-or-progress
Iran’s Scientific Information Database. URL: https://www.sid.ir/journal/en
Lankarani K., Mahmoodi M., Gholami S. Reducing Social Disparity in Liver Transplantation Utilization through Governmental Financial Support / Hepatitis Monthly. – 2012. – Vol. 12, Issue 11: e6463.
Mozafari M. Iran and Science Publishing in the Post-sanctions Era / The Lancet. – 2016. – Vol. 387, Issue 10029. – P. 1721–1722.
Multi-Publisher Statement on Ukraine (2022, 31 March). Publishers condemn invasion of Ukraine by Russia. URL: https://mailchi.mp/4851e2a74119/joint-publisher-statement
Nazarovets M., Teixeira da Silva J.A. Scientific publishing sanctions in response to the Russo-Ukrainian war / Learned Publishing. – 2022. – Vol. 35, Issue 4. – P. 658–670.
Office of foreign assets control. Guidance on certain publishing activities. 28.10.2016. URL: https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/6516/download?inline
Peeters F.V. Springer Nature condemns Russian invasion (March 4, 2022). URL: https://www.springernature.com/gp/advancing-discovery/springboard/blog/blogposts-open-research/springer-nature-condemns-russian-invasion/20191448
Reinbothe R. Der Boykott gegen die deutschen Wissenschaftler und die deutsche Sprache nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg / DMW – Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. – 2013. – Vol. 138, Issue 51/52. – P. 2685–2690.
Saeidnia S., Abdollahi M. Consequences of International Sanctions on Iranian Scientists and the Basis of Science / Hepatitis Monthly. – 2013. – Vol. 13, Issue 9: e14843.
Scientia Iranica. URL: https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/
SCOAP3 Journals, 2017–2024. URL: https://scoap3.org/phase3-journals/
Seeley M. How sanctions laws affect publishing: OFAC provides new guidance: Elsevier has encouraged “freedom of expression” for scientific authors in sanctioned countries such as Iran, Cuba, Sudan, Burma and Syria. Elsevier, 2015. URL: https://www.elsevier.com/connect/how-sanctions-laws-affect-publishing-ofac-providesnew-guidance
Seeley M. Trade sanctions against Iran affect publishers: Elsevier explains legal issues to its editors and works with publishers and research community to pursue ‘balance in the law’. Elsevier, 2013. URL: https://www.elsevier.com/connect/trade-sanctionsagainst-iran-affect-publishers
SIF Statement against the invasion of Ukraine (28.02.2022). URL: https://en.sif.it/news/917
Smith R. Should Western science institutions and scientists boycott their Russian equivalents? / The British Medical Journal. – 2022. – Vol. 376: 0608.
Some politics: against academic boycotts and for cheap drugs / British Medical Journal. – 2003. – Vol. 326, Issue 7379: 1. URL: https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/326/7379/0.9.full.pdf
Statement by the Executive Committee of the European Physical Society (26 February 2022). URL: https://www.springernature.com/gp/advancing-discovery/springboard/blog/blogposts-open-research/springer-nature-condemns-russian-invasion/20191448
Teixeira da Silva J. A. Academia's challenges in the face of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war / European Science Editing. – 2022. – Vol. 48: e83864.
Zarghami M. Illogical and Unethical Scientific Sanctions against Iranian Authors / Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. – 2013. – Vol. 7, №. 2. – P. 1–4.
Copyright (c) 2025 Антон Васильев, Марк Шугуров
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors, which are published in this journal, agree to the following conditions:
1. Authors retain the copyright to the work and transfer to the journal the right of the first publication along with the work, at the same time licensing it under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to distribute this work with the obligatory indication of the authorship of this work and a link to the original publication in this journal .
2. The authors retain the right to enter into separate, additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published by this journal (for example, to place it in the university depository or to publish it in a book), with reference to the original publication in this journal.
3. Authors are allowed to post their work on the Internet (for example, in a university repository or on their personal website) before and during the review process of this journal, as this may lead to a productive discussion, as well as more links to this published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
