The Concept of Crime and Institutions of the General Part of Traditional Criminal Law of China
УДК 340.15, ББК 67.3
Abstract
The article considers the concept of crime and other institutions of the general part of criminal law, which are enshrined in contemporary codes. Chinese traditional law, as well as the legal systems of other states, is characterized by the absence of a definition and fixation of the conceptual apparatus at the legislative level.
The reference to the fact that criminal laws appeared in ancient times is inherent to the Chinese historical tradition. In fact, they appeared only in the 6th-5th centuries BC. From the 6th century (the reign of the Sui dynasty), the creation of dynasty codes begins. Before the appearance of the codes, the institutions of criminal law, to a greater or lesser extent, can be analyzed on the basis of the provisions of the works of Chinese thinkers and philosophers, dynasty chronicles.
The central place in dynasty codes was occupied by the norms of criminal law. The first code that has survived to this day is the Tang Criminal Code - "Tang Criminal Regulations with Explanations" (Tang lü shu yi) of 653. An analysis of the provisions of the Tang Code allows us to get an idea of the approaches of legislators to the development of the conceptual apparatus of the general part of the criminal law. The codes enshrined such institutions as: the subject and object of a crime, complicity, an attempt to commit a crime, forms of guilt, etc.
The article concludes that the ideas of Confucianism had a huge impact on the development of the legal system, including the development of concepts of the general part of the criminal law. Confucian postulates contributed to the development of the idea of a crime as, first and foremost, a manifestation of a person's criminal will. The legislation established liability even if there was only a criminal will, and there were no actions aimed at its implementation.
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